How To Install a Wood Fence

Each frame speaks to the masterpiece it contains, and in your home’s yard, the way you surround your landscape can be both an accent and a solution to needs for containment and privacy. A wood fence is a versatile choice, offering picket pageantry and modern styling, as well as endless opportunities for customization. It also happens to be one of the most economically viable ways to wrap your yard, and an achievable DIY project. I talked with Bridget Lowing of Fence Consultants of West Michigan to find out how to install one right.



Project: Installing a wood fence.

Why: You want privacy, semiprivacy or the peace of mind that your kids and pets are safely corralled in your yard. And there’s the perk of added visual appeal and a clear property line to your yard.

Who to hire: A fencing company can help you put up a fence quickly, or if you’re up for the project, you can also do it yourself.

Shown: A 6-foot privacy fence dividing two properties. The gate features a small trellis detail at the top.

Cost: Fence Consultants advises to anticipate a cost of $20 to $60 per linear foot, depending on the wood type and the intricacy of the fence. With some contractors this will include one gate. But, as with many projects, regional pricing will vary, as wood types and availability change.

If you’re tackling the project on your own, the cost will largely be decided by the wood you choose. The additional materials for a basic fence, like concrete and fasteners, are relatively minimal.

Typical project length: Building the fence usually takes three days (one to set the posts, one for the concrete to settle and one to add the rails), but if you are going with a contractor, anticipate potential project wait times, especially during the busy season for fencing (spring and summer).

Shown: A 4-foot horizontal fence with rails embedded into the posts

Best time to do this project: A fence can be added year-round, but most people install fencing in the warmer months, when they are more likely to use outdoor living spaces.

Permit: Check with your homeowner’s association, if you have one, and with your local municipality. Nearly all cities and towns have fence regulations, and many require a permit for building a fence.

Shown: A 4-foot stained picket fence with copper caps on the posts

Things to Consider
Ask permission, not forgiveness. While Robert Frost once penned, “Good fences make good neighbors,” there have been major battles fought involving neighbors, homeowner’s associations, municipalities and fence builders.

Talk with your neighbors. Make clear your fencing intention and see if they’re interested in partnering in the construction. Lowing often sees neighbors collaborate on building projects so the fence is “the same age, same style, and same material, and they’re all saving money,” she says.

If they’re not collaborating, hopefully your neighbors will at least give you the thumbs-up for the project. If not, you can still build your fence, but be considerate and respect the property rights of your neighbors.

Shown: A solid vertical privacy fence with the good-neighbor side facing inward

Build a friendly fence. In some areas there is a good-neighbor requirement for fencing, meaning the posts are visible only on the interior (the side facing the fencing owner’s home). If you prefer to not have that visual, you can construct a shadow box fence or solid board fence to provide a clean look on both sides of the fence.

Know your limits. Before building, make sure you know exactly where your property line is. If you’re not confident, hire a surveyor to map it out. Also, you’ll want to check for underground utilities before digging to set your posts.

Shown: A horizontal privacy fence, with the boards set at angle to imitate beveled siding

Consider topography. Wood fences that are premade can be racked to accommodate slope, or if you’re building them onsite, you can fasten the boards on a stagger. If you want a clean line on the top of the boards, measure and cut once the boards are secured. For steep changes in elevation, you may have to stagger sections, securing them at different heights on the shared post.

Think like an animal. If you’re fencing in a pet, consider escape. Gaps below boards (especially on a slope) can be avenues of escape, and a low fence can be leaped over. Lowing advises, “If you’re getting a fence for containment of a dog, think about the type of dog you own. Some dogs can dig under fences and chew and scratch the boards, and eventually break them.” So, for your animal and your fence, consider your security needs.

Shown: Another angle of the 4-foot horizontal fence

Quality counts. Your choice of wood for your fence will depend on your area, but Lowing emphasizes that not all boards are equal. The western redcedar that Fence Consultants uses is ¾- to 1-inch thick, whereas some store-bought boards come in at ⅝ inch thick. The small difference makes a big difference, especially in the longevity of the boards. Also, consider your wood’s worth. Cedar is a popular option because it is naturally resistant to insects, is extremely solvent with stains (which requires more stain, but the stain will last longer) and holds form well in variable temperatures.

When fastening the boards, use stainless steel screws or galvanized nails, to better resist rot. The investment up front will lead to a fence that lasts, which, in the long run, saves money.

Shown: A 4-foot painted white picket fence

Don’t forget the golden years. “Wood is a natural product,” Lowing says. “It will do what it wants at times.” A wood fence should last about 20 to 25 years, depending on wood type and maintenance, but there’s always the chance of a stray board’s warping and needing to be brought back to rights (or replaced). Staining your fence can maintain the wood’s clarity and a desired color or shade, and stains usually last about five years. An unprotected fence will turn silver or gray in about a year. Painting is also an option, but consider you’ll need to repaint every year or two, as the paint will peel and flake.

Shown: A horizontal fence with long rails to accentuate the wood’s grain

Fence Terms

Posts: The 4-by-4 (or larger) boards that are set in concrete and anchored into the ground. At least one-third of the height of the post should be buried underground (for example, for a 6-foot-tall fence, a 9-foot post should be buried 3 feet deep).

Rails: The horizontal supports running between posts. Rails are attached at the top and bottom, and sometimes in the middle.

Bay: The area between two posts. Styles can vary from solid, fully private infills to spaced infills, like those found on a picket fence.

Gate: The door that provides entry and exit. Gates are mounted to posts and can swing in one direction or both directions. Most gates have latches, and for added security you can add a latch that locks.

Shown: A western redcedar vertical privacy fence with the good-neighbor side facing outward. The fence features decorative rails at the top and bottom.